INGUINAL HERNIA AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTOR AMONG ADULTS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequency and risk factors of inguinal hernia and their association with BMI, and
ways to reduce this problem.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted among 315 adults living in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan, in 2024. Data
were collected and analyzed by SPSS version 22 using descriptive statistics and odds ratios
Results: The inguinal hernia was more common in males (73.83%) than in females (26.16%). Among these, males and
females aged 40 and older made up 56.07% and 43.92%, respectively, of those under 40. Hernia was significantly influ-
enced by positive family history (41.12%), physical activity (44.85%), constipation (56.07%), COPD (33.64%), and multiparity
(85.71%).
Conclusion:Inguinal hernias are a common issue in KP, Pakistan. They occur more often in men, and there is a strong con-
nection between constipation, family history, and multiparity. Public health initiatives should prioritize early diagnosis and
prompt treatment to minimize patient morbidity and mortality.
Key Words: Inguinal Hernia, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index, Constipation, Chest Problems, Multi-Parity